| 翻訳と辞書 |
| structural information theory ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
structural information theory
Structural information theory (SIT) is a theory about human perception and in particular about visual perceptual organization, which is the neuro-cognitive process that enables us to perceive scenes as structured wholes consisting of objects arranged in space. SIT was initiated, in the 1960s, by Emanuel Leeuwenberg〔Leeuwenberg, E. L. J. (1968). ''Structural information of visual patterns: an efficient coding system in perception.'' The Hague: Mouton.〕〔Leeuwenberg, E. L. J. (1969). Quantitative specification of information in sequential patterns. ''Psychological Review, 76,'' 216—220.〕〔Leeuwenberg, E. L. J. (1971). A perceptual coding language for visual and auditory patterns. ''American Journal of Psychology, 84,'' 307—349.〕 and has been developed further mainly by (Peter van der Helm ). It has been applied to a wide range of research topics,〔Leeuwenberg, E. L. J. & van der Helm, P. A. (2013). ''Structural information theory: The simplicity of visual form''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.〕 mostly in visual form perception but also in, for instance, visual ergonomics, data visualization, and music perception.
SIT began as a quantitative model of visual pattern classification. Nowadays, it includes quantitative models of symmetry perception and amodal completion, and is theoretically sustained by a perceptually adequate formalization of visual regularity, a quantitative account of viewpoint dependencies, and a powerful form of neurocomputation.〔van der Helm, P. A. (2014). ''Simplicity in vision: A multidisciplinary account of perceptual organization''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.〕 SIT has been argued to be the best defined and most successful extension of Gestalt ideas.〔Palmer, S. E. (1999). ''Vision science: Photons to phenomenology.'' Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.〕 It is the only Gestalt approach providing a formal calculus that generates plausible perceptual interpretations.
== The simplicity principle ==
Although visual stimuli are fundamentally multi-interpretable, the human visual system usually has a clear preference for only one interpretation. To explain this preference, SIT introduced a formal coding model starting from the assumption that the perceptually preferred interpretation of a stimulus is the one with the simplest code. A simplest code is a code with minimum information load, that is, a code that enables a reconstruction of the stimulus using a minimum number of descriptive parameters. Such a code is obtained by capturing a maximum amount of visual regularity and yields a hierarchical organization of the stimulus in terms of wholes and parts.
The assumption that the visual system prefers simplest interpretations is called the simplicity principle.〔Hochberg, J. E., & McAlister, E. (1953). A quantitative approach to figural "goodness". ''Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46,'' 361—364.〕 Historically, the simplicity principle is an information-theoretical translation of the Gestalt law of Prägnanz,〔Koffka, K. (1935). ''Principles of gestalt psychology.'' London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.〕 which was inspired by the natural tendency of physical systems to settle into relatively stable states defined by a minimum of free-energy. Furthermore, just as the later-proposed minimum description length principle in algorithmic information theory (AIT), a.k.a. the theory of Kolmogorov complexity, it can be seen as a formalization of Occam's Razor, according to which the simplest interpretation of data is the best one.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「structural information theory」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|